Rollman, O., & Vahlquist, A. (1985). Vitamin A in skin and serum—studies of acne vulgaris, atopic dermatitis, ichthyosis vulgaris and lichen planus. British Journal of Dermatology, 113. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb02354.x.
Cehajic-Kapetanovic, J., Jasani, K., Shanks, M., Clouston, P., & MacLaren, R. (2020). A novel homozygous c.67C>T variant in retinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) associated with retinitis pigmentosa and childhood acne vulgaris. Ophthalmic Genetics, 41, 288 - 292. https://doi.org/10.1080/13816810.2020.1755985.
## Oral retinoic acid
Stüttgen, G et al. “Oral vitamin A acid in treatment of dermatoses with pathologic keratinization.” International journal of dermatology vol. 16,6 (1977): 500-2. doi:10.1111/j.1365-4362.1977.tb01863.x
TODO: RBP, retinoic acid levels
Vitamin A Metabolism
Poor vitamin A metabolism can be linked to several conditions
1. Alcohol abuse: Chronic alcoholism can interfere with vitamin A storage and metabolism in the liver.
2. Liver disease: The liver plays a crucial role in vitamin A storage and metabolism.
3. Celiac disease: Malabsorption of nutrients, including vitamin A, is common in untreated celiac disease.
4. Crohn's disease: This inflammatory bowel disease can affect nutrient absorption in the small intestine.
5. Zinc deficiency: Zinc is necessary for vitamin A metabolism and transport.
6. Cystic fibrosis: This genetic disorder can impair fat absorption, including fat-soluble vitamins like vitamin A.
7. Pancreatic insufficiency: Lack of pancreatic enzymes can lead to poor fat absorption and vitamin A deficiency.
8. Protein deficiency: Protein is needed for vitamin A transport in the body.
9. Short bowel syndrome: Surgical removal of portions of the small intestine can reduce vitamin A absorption.
